New mechanisms of vascular fibrosis: Role of lysyl oxidase.
نویسنده
چکیده
El depósito de matriz extracelular (MEC) es el resultado de la respuesta fisiológica ante una agresión. Cuando ésta se hace crónica se producen cambios en la composición, estructura y acúmulo de componentes de la MEC originando fibrosis, la cual contribuye directamente a un remodelado adverso. A nivel cardiovascular, la fibrosis altera la composición del tejido miocárdico o de la pared vascular, confiriendo rigidez, pérdida de elasticidad y, en último término, compromete la función del tejido u órgano afecto. La fibrosis ocurre cuando la síntesis de colágeno fibrilar (tipos i y iii), componente fundamental de la MEC, predomina sobre la degradación. En pacientes hipertensos, se ha descrito, más que un aumento en el contenido de colágeno, una alteración del ensamblaje o entrecruzamiento (cross-linking) de sus fibras, lo cual contribuiría a la rigidez miocárdica, cuya consecuencia final sería la insuficiencia cardiaca. La fibrosis es, asimismo, un determinante de la senescencia vascular. Estudios recientes han identificado moléculas que intervienen en el procesamiento del colágeno. Entre ellas emerge la enzima lisil oxidasa (LOX) que es una aminooxidasa dependiente de cobre que participa en el ensamblaje covalente de las fibras de colágeno y elastina de la MEC. Además, la LOX controla la expresión de genes involucrados en la migración y diferenciación celular y también modula la actividad biológica de factores de crecimiento. La LOX puede ser regulada a 3 niveles (fig. 1): síntesis del precursor por
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis
دوره 29 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017